anatomy

What is the thoracic spine made of?

Vertebrae

Your thoracic spine consists of 12 of 33 stacked vertebrae (small bones) that form your spinal canal. Your spinal canal is a tunnel that houses your spinal cord and nerves, protecting them from injury. These vertebrae move to allow for a range of motion.

Facet joints

These spinal joints have cartilage (a slippery connective tissue) that allows vertebrae to slide against each other. Facet joints let you twist and turn, and they provide flexibility and stability.

Intervertebral disks

These flat, round cushions sit between your vertebrae and act as your spine’s shock absorbers. Each disk has a soft, gel-like center surrounded by a flexible outer ring.

Spinal cord and nerves

Your spinal cord is a column of nerves that travels through your spinal canal. The cord extends from your skull to your lower back. Thirty-one pairs of nerves branch out through vertebral openings (the neural foramen) along your spine. Twelve pairs of nerves branch out in your thoracic spine. These nerves carry messages between your brain and muscles.

Soft tissues

Ligaments connect your vertebrae to hold your spine in position. Muscles support your back and help you move. Tendons connect muscles to bone and aid movement.