overview

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

• Origin: Anterior tibia

• Insertion: Posterior femur

• Function: Prevents anterior translation of tibia; stabilizes knee during movement

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

• Origin: Posterior tibia

• Insertion: Anterior femur

• Function: Prevents posterior translation of tibia; stabilizes knee

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

• Origin: Medial femur

• Insertion: Medial tibia

• Function: Resists valgus stress (inward collapse)

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

• Origin: Lateral femur

• Insertion: Head of fibula

• Function: Resists varus stress (outward force)

overview

Deltoid Ligament (Medial Ankle)

Origin: Medial malleolus (tibia)

Insertion: Talus, calcaneus, navicular

Function: Stabilizes medial ankle; prevents over-eversion

Lateral Ankle Ligaments

Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)

Origin: Fibula

Insertion: Talus

Function: Prevents anterior displacement of talus; most commonly injured

Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)

Origin: Fibula

Insertion: Calcaneus

Function: Stabilizes ankle; resists inversion

Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL)

Origin: Fibula

Insertion: Talus

Function: Stabilizes posterior ankle

overview

Plantar Fascia

Origin: Calcaneus

Insertion: Metatarsals

Function: Supports foot arch; absorbs shock

Spring Ligament (Plantar Calcaneonavicular)

Origin: Calcaneus

Insertion: Navicular

Function: Maintains medial arch